Detailed Grave Counting - Journal Records from the Trail

Celcia McMillen Adams kept a record of her family journey from Illinois to Oregon in 1852.  She traced the wagon journey in this peculiar way:

"Child's grave, small pox
  Child's grave, small pox
we passed 7 new made graves .  One had 4 bodies in it - cholera.  One man died this morning with the cholera in the camping ground ahead of us.  Another man died.  Passed 6 new graves.

We have passed 21 new made graves. Made 18 miles.
Passed 13 graves today.
Passed 10 new graves.

June 25 passed 7 graves.  made 14 miles.
June 26 passed 8 graves.
June 29 passed 10 graves.
June 30 passed 10 graves, made 22 miles.
July 1 passed 8 graves made 16 miles.
July 2 one man in our company died passed 8 graves, made 16 miles
July  4 passed 2 graves made 16 miles
July 5 passed 9 graves made 18 miles
July 6 passed 6 graves made 9 miles
July 11 passed 15 graves made 13 miles
July 12 passed 5 graves made 15 milles
July 18 passed 4 graves made 16 miles"


The journals goes on like this until October 17 when she writes "we have seen 35 graves since leaving Fort Boise."

Births were not recorded with such regularity as deaths.  The epidemic bred a certain hardness.  Lucy Cooke recorded "June 2 did what we could for her.  Her husband died and with no one left to care for her, we hated to leave her but we went on.  A man rode by and said she was almost dead, and they were digging her grave so as not to loose time.  There is humanity on the plains."

That's a far cry what I would call humanity...how about you?

Next time...How the Overland Journey Changed in the Later Years 1860s...

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Today in Pioneer History:  On January 12, 1838,  Joseph Smith  flees Kirtland, Ohio, after his Mormon bank fails in the Panic of 1837, to avoid arrest and heads for Missouri to rebuild his religious community.

Things Not Recorded in Women's Overland Journals

A goodly portion of the wagon trains started out their journeys with determination to adhere to the Sabbath observance, but the demands of the road soon made such rituals impractical.  Stopping for Sunday rest made the travelers feel vulnerable to Indian attacks, and as the season advanced into midsummer and early autumn, the chance of being caught in the mountains by early snows made any delay even more risky.  Sundays were marked by a reading of the Bible during lunchtime stops before the wagons moved on, honoring the timetable that stopped for no one, not even the Lord.

Women's journals of the journey surprisingly note little about child care.  What is preserved shows that the women used all their wits to combat the discomforts of the journey.  "For sores about the mouth a concoction of sage, borax, alum and sugar."  But crying babies must have been a continual sound in the wagons with teething and coughs, earaches, diarrhea - all the ordinary childhood illnesses.

Since the journals were a sort of overland instruction manual for future travelers to follow, you would
expect there to be experiences concerning the care of children included also.  "How to travel for five or six months out of doors with small children and babies."  Maybe children were part of that oral exchange that women shared along with information about marriage, pregnancy, childbirth and so on.  Much of a woman's life under normal circumstances was hidden in the 19th century by elaborate taboos.

A good time to share those "womanly things" was at the river on wash day where you would see women carrying kettles, washtubs, and piles of unwashed linen.  Usually it was hard soap and cold water.  Days of sun, wind, soap and water were hard on women's skin as Rebecca Ketchem says "Camilla and I both burnt our arms and very badly while washing.They were red and swollen and painful as though scalded in boiling water.  Our hands are blacker than any farmer's and I do not see that there is any way of preventing it, for everything has to be done in the wind and sun."

These women have certainly opened my eyes about the mystique of the pioneer wagon trains!

Next time...The Generation Gap on the Trail

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Today in Pioneer History: On September 24, 1890, faced with the eminent destruction of their church and way of life, Mormon leaders reluctantly issue the "Mormon Manifesto" in which they command all Latter-day Saints to uphold the anti-polygamy laws of the nation.